Method of and apparatus for forming glassware



June 18, 1946.- w BERTHQLD 2,402,234

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING GLASSWARE Filed Oct. 4, 1941 3Sheets-Sheet 1 m liwlhmllg Jizvefitnr waft BPKBBI'ZbU fllill my? 5 E wsKgrim-i .233 i I as June 18, 1946. w BERTHOLD 2,402,234 METHOD OF ANDAPPARATUS FOR FORMING GLAssWARE 3 Sheets-:Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 4, 1941 WEE51 K BBPZIJDZLI 6. m n a W. n 2 w 2 w// 1 1. .II 5 fl 5: "m

flZZIarnEys June'18,'1946. W. K. BERTHOLD 4 2,402,234

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING GLASSWARE Filed Oct. 4, 1941 sSheets-Sheet s Even Z; 121* AZQZZIEPKBEPZLIJQIH. I

- flZZ K171225975 Patented June 18, 1946 METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FORFORMING GLASSWARE Walter K. Berthold, Itockville, Conn., assignor toHartford-Empire Company, Hartford, Coma, a

corporation of Delaware Application October 4, 1941, Serial No. 413,624

9 Claims.

This invention relates to the manufacture of charges of molten glassinto articles of glassware,

such as bottles, Jars and other containers and particularly those whichhave neck finish or finished rim portions at their open ends or mouths.

An extensively used prior art method of forming glass charges intocontainers is known as the blow-and-blow process. It is sometimes termedthe narrow-neck" process since most bottles and other containers havingrelatively narrow neck portions are made by its use.

In the blow-and-blow or narrow-neck process, a charge of molten glassusually is delivered downwardly into the temporarily open upper'end ofan inverted parison mold. Such a mold may comprise cooperative parisonbody and neck molds. A neck pin may project from below vertically intothe neck mold at the time of the delivery of the charge to the parisonmold or be raised to such an upwardly projected position concurrentlywith or shortly after such delivery. This neck pin terminates below, ornot substantially above, the level of the juncture of the inverted neckand parison body molds. The neck pin cooperates with the usual thimbleor neck pin guide and with the neck mold to define an annular narrowspace at the lower end of the inverted parison mold into which glass ofthe charge is compacted by settle blowing pressure fluid (air) appliedto the upper surface of the glass charge in the parison mold, whereby toform the neck finish or finished rim portion of the article being made.

The neck pin is then retracted downwardly and, after a suitable periodof time to allow any desirable or necessary "corkage reheat,counterblowing air under pressure is admitted to the space in the neckfinish or finished rim portion of the article that has been left vacantby the downward retraction of the plunger. This will enlarge the neckpin hole upwardly into the body portion of the glass in the body moldand will counterblow such glass against the wall of the cavity of theinverted parison body mold and against a balile or bottom plate whichhas been placed in position to close the previously open upper end ofthe inverted parison body mold.

The hollow parison produced by the steps above described may betransferred to a cooperative blow mold and blown in the latter toproduce a bottle or other glass article of the final shape desired.

The present invention provides improvements over the blow-andblow ornarrow-neck process substantially as just described, particularly in oreliminates the settle blow waves in the side walls of the finally blownarticle which are inherent I in the blow-and-blow process. The method ofthe present invention also distributes the glass of the charge moreuniformly throughout the walls of the article during the formationthereof than is doneby the usual blow-and-blow process, and is lessadversely affected in the production of a series of similar articles byvariations of the weight of diiferent generally similar charges fromwhich such articles are to be formed. Other advantages over the priorart methods are obtained as hereinafter will be pointed out or willbecome apparent to those skilled in the art.

As in the previously practiced blow-and-blow process, a charge of glassmay be delivered downwardly through the temporarily open upper end ofthe inverted parison mold into the forming cavity of such mold as anearly step in performing the method of the present invention. Suchmethod then departs from the practice of the blow-and-blow process.According to the present invention, the descent of the charge is checkedin the inverted parlson mold by the tip of a vertically movable pressingplunger which projects through the neck mold to a sufficiently highlevel in the body mold to support the charge as an entity completelyabove the internally grooved or otherwise 'intemally configured neckfinish forming wall of the neck mold. The contact of the tip of thepressing plunger with the charge is initially with the central portiononly of the original lower end surface of the charge and subsequentlywith glass at the interior of the charge as relative vertical movementsoccur between the plunger tip and the glass surrounding such tip.

Upward-movement of the plunger tends to raise the charge as an entity inthe inverted parison glass mold without, however, preventing downwardmovement of glass of the charge on the plunger tip. Air under. pressureis applied'to the top surface of the charge, tending to compact itdownwardly in the inverted parison mold. These opposing forces act onthe glass charge as the plunger is raised in the inverted parison moldfrom its initial charge contacting position to the end of its upwardstroke, quickly to form the glassy of such charge into a hollow parisonhaving a neck flnishor finished rim portion and a hollow body. Thecavity of this hollow body extends through such neck finish or finishedrim portion longitudinally of the parison body for a substanbe effected,after tial part, preferably one-half or more, of the total length of theparison. The wall of this internal cavity will have been marvered by thecontact of the pressing plunger therewith in opposition to thedownwardly directed air pressure on the upper surface of the glass. Thelength of the plunger insertable into the inverted parison press moldand of its pressing stroke are predetermined to assure the desiredlength of internal cavity in the body of the glass parison and also toassure the provision in the parison mold of a hollow parison extendingsubstantially the full length of the glass forming cavity of such mold.At the completion of the upward stroke of the pressing plunger, thelevel of the upper surface of the glass in the parison mold preferablyis at or close to that of the upper end of the cavity of the body mold.Counterblowing may thereafter downward retraction of the pressingplunger and the application of a suitable bottom plate or bafiie to theupper end of the parison mold, without causing the aforesaid undesirablesettle blow waves in the side walls of the final article.

The hollow parison thus produced may be subjected to suitable furthersteps or treatment to form it into a finally blown article of the finalshape desired.

Reference now may be had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1is a more or less diagrammatical view. mainly in vertical section,showing an inverted parison mold and .certain associated parts at acharge receiving station just at or immediately after descent of acharge in theparison mold has been checked therein by the tip of apressing plunger which is then located at its initial glass chargecontacting position in the parison mold:

Fig. 2 is a'view similar to Fig. 1 after a settle blow head has beenoperatively applied to the funnel at the top of the inverted parisonmold body and after the pressing plunger has completed part of itsupward stroke;

asoaaae of into a narrow-necked article as shown in Fig.

; and

Fig. 18 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of a novel apparatusfor guiding, positioning and operating a pressing plunger in theperformance I of the method of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 at the instant the pressing plungerreaches the end of its upward stroke;

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 except that the settle blow head hasbeen removed and is not shown;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 except that the funnel has beenremoved and the pressing plunger has been retracted downwardly past itsinitial glass charge contact position to a lower neck mold clearanceposition:

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5 except that a bottom plate or bafflehas been applied to the upper end of the parison mold and the cavity inthe glass left by the withdrawal of the plunger is being enlargedsomewhat by counterblowing;

Fig. 7 shows the counterblown parison after removal of the bafiie;

Fig. 8 shows the parison supported at its neck finish portion afterremoval of the body mold. the view also showing puff or other blowing ofthe parison;

Fig. 9 shows the parison after it has been reverted and transferred to afinal blow mold;

Fig. 10 shows the blowing of the parison to final form in the final blowmold. a final blow head having been operatively applied to the latter:

Figs. 11, 12, 13, l4, l5. l6 and 17 are views which correspond generallywith Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10, respectively, but illustrate atypical use of the invention to form a mold. charge into a wide-mouthedarticle, specifically a jar, instead A typical procedure by which acharge of molten glass may be formed into a narrow necked article,specifically a bottle as shown in Fig. 10, may comprise the fOllOWin-gsteps.

A charge of molten glass produced by a feeder (not shown) or in anyother known manner, may be dropped or otherwise delivered end-wisethrough a funnel guide I, Fig. 1, into the cavity 2 of the inverted bodymold 3 of an inverted parison mold assembly at a suitable chargereceiving and parison forming station. The inverted parison moldassembly includes a neck mold 4 and a thimble or plunger guide ring 5carried by the neck mold. The body mold and the neck mold each may be ofthe usual twopart construction. A pressing plunger 6, which preferablytapers toward its tip for part of its length, projects through thethimble and the neck mold into the cavity of the inverted body mold to aheight in the latter sufiicient to cause the charge, indicated at i inFig. l, to be supported on the tip of the plunger it completely abovethe internally grooved or otherwise configured molding wall of thecavity 6 of the neck mold.

It is unnecessary to illustrate or describe herein the constructions andfunctions of the parts of the parison mold assembly shown more or lessdiagrammatically in Fig. 1 or of suitable means for supporting andoperating them as these matters are well known to those skilled in theart. Reference may be had to Patent No. 1,911,119. granted May '23,1933, to H. W. Ingle for a disclosure of particular means suitable forsupporting and operating these cooperative mold parts and adjuncts if itis desired to make use of such means.

The thimble shown in Fig. 1 includes a novel structural feature whichadapts it for cooperation with the novel plunger guiding and positioningmechanism shown in Fig. 18 and to be hereinafter described. Since, sofar as performance of the method of the invention is concerned, anysuitable thimble or plunger guide ring may be employed, the thimbleshown in Fig. 1 will not be further described at this point, but thenovel feature thereof will be pointed out in connection with thedescription of the mechanism of Fig. 18.

The plunger t5, as aforesaid, is of the pressing plunger type instead ofbeing merely a neck pin as disclosed in the Ingle Patent 1,911,119, forex ample. It is of sufiicient length to project through the neck mold asubstantial distance vertically in the cavity of the inverted body mold,preferably to about half the length thereof. So far as performance ofthe method of the present invention is concerned, the plunger 6 may bemoved vertically at the proper times in the directions and to theextents required by any suitable operating mechanism and, at least intheory. by hand or manually operated instrumentalities. In practice, Iprefer to use the operating mechanism shown in Fig, 18, hereinafter tobe described. Other suitable forms of operating mechanism are disclosedin the copending application of George E. Rowe, Serial No. 410,747,filed September 13, 1941, for Apparatus for and methods of formingglassware, which is of common ownership with the present application.

After the stageof operation shown in Fig. 1 has been reached and beforeglass of the charge suracoaaae rounding the tip of the plunger has hadtime to Pref this regard. If so, it preferably is such'that the upwardmovement of the plunger in contact with the glass charge will becommenced first.

At the stage of operations 'shown in Fig. 2, the plunger has completedpart of its upward stroke to press glass of the charge against thecushion of compressed air above such charge. The pressure of such aircushion and gravity have caused glass surrounding the plunger to movedownwardly thereon into the upper part of the cavity of the neck mold.as indicated at 10.

Fig. 3 shows the conditions at about the instant of completion of theupward pressing stroke of the plunger and while air under pressure isstill being applied to the upper surface of the glass charge. Theconjoint effect of these oppositely acting forces is to compact glass ofthe charge surroundapproximately half the length of the glass in the.

mold. The wall of this cavity will be marvered and chilled somewhat bythe contact of the plunger with the glass of the charge as such cavityis being formed. The plunger may be cooled internally during its contactwith the glass. as in the manner disclosed in the aforesaid Roweapplication, Serial No. 410,747. The operations just described areperformed very quickly. Since the results thereof cannot be observedwhile they are being produced, it is not known whether the neck finishportion of the article is formed exactly at, slightly before or.slightly after the instant of completion of the upward pressing strokecfthe plunger.

The settle blow head 9 is a combination parison bottom bame and blowhead adapted to cooperate with the funnel I for the performance of itsblowing function as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and directly with the upperend of the inverted body mold to serve as a bottom baffle as shown inFig. 6. Such a combination baffle and blow head, and suitable means foroperating it, are well known in the art. examples thereof beingdisclosed in the aforesaid Ingle Patent No. 1,911,119.

Fig. 4 shows a stage ofoperations at which the combination ballle andblow head 9 has been removed but the funnel is still in place and thepressing plunger is still raised. This is followed by removal of thefunnel and downward retraction of the plunger past the glass chargeinitial contact position to a lower mold clearance position such, forexample. as that shown in Fig. 5. Thereafter, the member 9 is applied tothe mold body 3 to serve as a balfle and counterblowing air is appliedto the space vacated by the plunger, as indicated by the arrows H inFig. 6, to enlarge the cavity it in an upward direction and to force 1Wise.

. 6 glass ofthe charge against the bame member 9. The latter has ashallow concavity 9a in its bottom surface. supplementing the body moldcavityand providing a space of limited size into which glass can beforced to permit enlargement of the axial cavity in the glass. Acountcrblown hollow parison. designated 15 in Fig. 6, is thus produced.

The member .9 may then be removed and the inverted hollow parison 15 maybe permitted to reheat at its bottom end then uppermost) and at itsinterior while its external side walls are in contact with the closedheat extracting mold walls, substantially as shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 8

shows puff blowing of the inverted parison after the body mold has beenremoved therefrom to leave such parison supported only at its neckfinish portion by the neck mold. The steps shown in Figs. 7 and 8, oreither of them, may be omitted or employed as is'deemed desirable orrequired in forming any particular article in accordance with thepresent invention.

Fig. 9 shows the parison in reverted position in a blow mold ll aftersuch parison has been transferred from the parison forming station ofthe preceding views. This transfer and the reversion of the parison maybe effected by a swinging movement of the neck mold, carrying theparison, as disclosed in the aforesaid Ingle Patent 1,911,119. The lowposition of the plunger, Figs. 5 to 8, inclusive, permits such amovement of the neck mold and thimble unit.

Fig. 10 shows conditions after the parison has been blown by air from aflnal'blow head 11 to form an article of glassware, in this case abottle ID, of the final shape-desired.

Operations similar to those described may be employed to form a chargeof molten glass into other glass containers. either narrow-necked.

wide-mouthed or semi-wide-mouthed ware. Certain stages in themanufacture of a jar by the method of the present invention are shown inFigs. 11 to 1'7, inclusive. In these operations. a suitable invertedparison body mold 2|, a suitable neck mold 22. carrying a suitablethimble 23. and a suitable plunger 24 may be used. at times inconjunction with the funnel land/or the combined settle blow head andbaflle 9 ubstantially as hereinbefore described. A glass charge 25 isshown in Fig. 11 in the cavity of the inverted body mold as it issupported therein by the tip of the 'plunger 24. Such charge may beformed by the conjoint plunger action and opposing compressed aircushion to have'an internal cavity 26 extending for the greater part ofthe length thereof and a neck finish portion 21 at the lower end of thecavity, as shown in Fig.

12 and also in Fig. 13. Counterblowing. Fig. 14.

to time. will not alter the upward strokes of the plunger either as tothe length thereof or other- Another advantage of the present inventionis that such weight variations do not alfect filling of the annularspace, which may be quite narrow. around the plunger-in the neck moldwith glass of the successive charges to form the neck finish portions ofthe hollow parisons formed of such charges. These features of theinvention. are particularly important and bene- The invention providefor desirable distribution of the glass of a charge throughout the wallsof the article being made, so that such article may be formed with itsside walls of substantially uniform thickness at all portions thereof.The improvement in this regard is particularly marked in the case ofarticles having neck portions of relatively small diameters. Also,aspreviously pointed out herein, the invention provides an effective,advantageously usable way of eliminating settle blow waves in the sidewalls of a bottle or other blown hollow glass article.

While, as aforesaid, the plungers used in performing the method ofthe'present invention may be operated by various other means, I preferto use novel mechanism which the invention provides for this purpose.Such a mechanism, as shown in Fig. 18, comprises a vertically disposedpneumatic cylinder II in which a piston 32 is vertically reciprocable.The piston carries an upwardly projecting rod 33 which extends slidablythrough a bearing unit 34 at the central portion of the upper head 35 onthe cylinder 3| into an open-topped cylindrical holder 38 on thecylinder 3|. The rod 33 carries the plunger that is to be used in aparticular installation for the performance of the method. As shown inFig. 18, the rod carries the plunger I, hereinbefore referred to, thebutt end portion 8a of such plunger being detachably secured to the rodin any suitable known way, as by a screw threaded connection (notshown).

The holder 36 houses a plunger guiding and positioning mechanismcomprising a cylindrical casing 31 fitting within the holder andsecured, as at 33, against turning about its vertical axis relative tothe holder. The upper end portion 31a of the casing 31 protrudes fromthe holder 38, is reduced in size internally at 39, and is formed at itsupper surface to provide a flat horizontal seat 40 on which may rest theflat-bottomed base 4| of an annular lower section 42 of the aforesaidthimble or plunger guide rings! of the Fig. 1 form of neck moldassembly. The

superposed portions of the upper end portion 31a of the casing 31 and ofthe lower section 42 of the thimble 5 have outwardly projectingoppositely beveled edge portions adapted to be engaged by bevel-sidedgrooves 43 in the confronting faces of aligning and locking members 44so that the latter, on closing, will bias the parts 4i i and 31a toaxially aligned relation to each other if any relative lateral movementbetween them is required and then will lock such parts together in theiraligned relation.

The lower portion of the casing 31 contains a retainer 45 for a coilspring assembly 46 which surrounds the rod 33 and exerts an upwardthrust on the flanged lower end 41 of a vertically movable cylindricalplunger guide 48. The guide 48 i vertically reciprocable in a reducingbushing 49 which is mounted within a portion of the casing 31 and issuitably formed to maintain the cylindrical guide 48 concentric with theupper portion 31a of the casing 31. Theguicle 48 therefore will beaxially aligned with the thimble i and hence with the closed neck ring 4when the thimble section 42 and the upper end portion 37a of the casing31 have been aligned and locked together as hereinbefore described. Thebutt portion 8a of the plunger 6 may be formed with one or moreperipherally enlarged cylindrical bearing portions 50 fitting closelybut slidably in the plunger guide 48 so that the plunger will becentered in relation to the neck mold when the guide 48 is aligned withsuch mold.

The plunger guide is provided with an upwardly facing internal shoulder5| adjacent to its lower end. A cylindrical spacer ring 52 of apredetermined height flts within the lower portion of the plunger guideso that the upper edge of such spacer ring lie in the path of the bottomsurface of the lowermost peripherally enlarged bearing .portion 50 ofthe plunger when the latter has been retracted downwardly by the piston32 for part of the downward stroke of the latter from the position shownin Fig. 18.

The operation of the parts of the plunger guiding, positioning andoperating pparatus as described so far is substantially as follows. Theplunger 6 is shown in full lines in its uppermost position in the cavity2 of the inverted parison body mold 3, this position having been reachedby reason of upward movement of the piston 82 in the pneumatic cylinder3| until the upper end of the butt portion of the plunger struck thedownwardly facing shoulder 83 which is located at the top of thedownwardly flaring open bottomed main cavity 54 in the thimble 5 and atthe lower end of the central plunger guiding opening 55 in such thimble.Application of air under pressure to the space above the piston 82 inthe cylinder 31 and relief 01' pressure below such piston will cause adownward stroke of the piston and attendant downward movement of theplunger 6. Such movement of plunger will be relative to the plungerguide 48 until the plunger butt portion 50 strikes the spacer 52, afterwhich the remainder of the downward stroke of the piston 82 will causethe plunger and the guid 83 to move downward together against theresistance of the compressed spring assembly 46 until the upper edge ofthe guide 48 has reached the position indicated by the dot-and-dashlines at 56 and the plunger tip is at the p sition indicated by thedot-and-dash lines at 51. This is the lowermost, neck mold clearanceposition of the plunger. On sufllcient relief of pressure above thepiston 32, the spring assembly 46. will be effective to return theplunger guide to its full line position at which the flanged lower endportion thereof will strike the fixed reducing bushing 49 and at thesame time to move the plunger upwardly until its tip is at the initialglass charge contact or loading position indicated by the dotand-dashlines at 58. Further upward movement of the plunger 6, from position 58to the full line position, will be independent of the plunger guide andmay be efiectedby an upward stroke of the piston 32 in the cylinder 3i,as aforesaid.

The plunger operating structure Just described is substantially asdisclosed in the aforesaid application of George E. Rowe, Serial No.410,747, filed September 13, 1941, as the invention of said Rowe andsuch structure, per se, is not claimed herein. The improvement featuresprovided by the present invention in connection with such operatingstructure will now be particularly described. These features are mainlyconcerned with prevention of leakage of air or other pressure fluid fromthe communicating supp y passages of the plunger guiding, positioningand operating be substantially as disclosed in the logic Patent- No.1,911,119. The passage 60 may be closed at its lower end and in opencommunication at its 'upper end with the lower end of a vertical airpassage ii in a wall of the cylindrical holder 3!. The passage ll may beclosed at its top and provided adiacent to its top with a port 8! whichopens through the inner wall of the upper portion of the holder 36 incommunication with a transverse port or short passage 83 which isprovided in the upper portion of the casing 31 to extend irom the outerto the inner surface of such casing. The port 62 may be extended aroundthe inner periphery of the holder 36 in the form of a chamber 62a.

. The passage 83 communicates at its inner end with a channel 84 in theouter periphery of the lower portion of an annular piston 65 which fitsslldably in the upper end portion of the casing 31. Vertical passages,as at 68, lead from the. lower side of the channel 64 to an annularchamber 81 which is provided within the upper part of the casing 31around an externally reduced upper portion a of the bushing 49. Thelower DOT-e tion or the piston 65 is located in the annular chamber 01in spaced relation with the reduced portion a of the bushing 49. Thepiston 65' carries an upwardly proiectinginwardly'stepped sealing ring88, located directly-above the part a but spaced from the upper edge ofthe latter to provide an annular port I for the chamber 61 at the upperinner side of the latter. This port 6! is closed except for itscommunication with the chamber 61 when the movable plunger guide ll isat the upper end of its stroke as shown in full lines in Fig. 18, thisby reason of the close sliding fit between the guide 48 and the sealingring ll. However, when the guide it has been retracted downwardly untilits upper edge is at the position indicated by the dot-and-dash linesJ56, air under pressure from the chamber 61 may pass through the port 89upwardly past the upper end portion of the guide 48, which may bereduced externally at a to provide spacefor such passage, to theinterior of the thimble 5. Thence, when the plunger is down, such airmay pass through the interior the neck mold to the interior of thepartially formed glass parison proiecting upwardly from the neck moldto-counterblow the parison or for puff or other blowing of such parison.

The air entering the annular channel 64 in the piston will exert upwardpressure on the latter to maintain the beveled upper edge portion 68a oithe sealing ring in air-tight contact. with the inclined innerperipheral wall of a cooperative sealing ring 10 which constitutes anelement of the assembly of thimble components. The ring II is retainedin a'suitably sized and configured annular groove or way H between thebottom of the upper section of the thimble and the lower thimble section42 at the Joint between these sections so as to be capable of a slightfloating movement. The arrangement is such as to assure that thecontacting rings 68 and II will seal the Joint between the sections 01the thimble between separate parts of 10 against the escape of airthrough such joint when the piston 65 is being urged upwardly by airpressure in the annular space 64,

Rings 12 may be provided on the piston 65 to prevent leakage of airbetween it and the portion of the cylindrical casing 31 above thepassages 3-64. A sealing ring 13 may be provided in a suitable groovebetween the contiguous surfaces 0! the upper end portions of the holder38 and casing 31 above the passages 6263 for a like purpose. A vent 14to the atmosphere may be 1 provided to prevent building up or pressurein the annular space 15 above the piston 65. A radial slot 16 may beprovided in the thimble supporting surface at the top of the casing 31to permit the escape of air from the space 'I'I between the sealing ringand the portion oi the thimble section 42 below the level of the sealingring 10.

The thimble 23 01 the neck mold and thimble assembly or the Fig. 11 formof structure is shown as consisting of parts generally like thosehereinbeiore described as components of the thimble 5 of Figs. 1 and 18.Thev neck mold and thimble assembly 01' the Fig. 11 form of structuretherefore may be used with'a plunger guiding, positioning and operatingmechanism substantially like that shown in Fi 18.

The invention is not limited to the exact details, either oi structureor method, which hereinbetore have been pointed out, as changes thereinwill readily occur to those skilled in the art.

I claim:

1. The method of forming a charge of molten glass into a hollow parisonwhich comprises dropping the charge into the cavity of an invertedparison mold, checking downward movement of the charge as a whole at apredetermined level within said inverted parison mold so that the upperand lower ends oi the charge are spaced ,tmporarily from the levels ofthe upper and lower ends or the cavity 01'- said inverted parison mold.thrusting a vertically movable upright pressing plunger upwardly in thecavity of the inverted parison mold to impart a -liiting force to theglass of the charge by contact of the upper end of the upwardly movingplunger initially with the central portion only of the original lowerend surface of the charge in the inverted parison mold and subsequentlywith glass of thecharge at the interior'thereot, and applyingflu'idunder pressure to the upper surface of the charge in the invertedparison mold to oppose the action oithe upwardlymoving plunger on theglass of the charge, whereby to cause part of the glass of the charge tomove downwardly to fill the space within the lower end portion of thecavity of said inverted parison mold around the plunger therein andother glass of the charge to be dis- .placed upwardly to produce anaxial cavity extendingnpwardly in the glass in the mold from its lowerend for a substantial part of the length thereof and to raise for asubstantial distance the level of the upper surface oi the glass in theinverted parison mold, a

2. The method of forming a'hollow parison which comprises dropping 'acharge of molten glass onto the tip of an upwardly movable uprightpressing plunger that projects upwardly in the cavity oi! an invertedparison mold in spaced relation with the side wall of said cavity and iseilective to check the 'iall'oi said charge in the cavity at apredetermined distance above the lower end of said cavity, raising theplunger in the cavity of said mold toimpart a lifting force to theacoaaaa charge at the axis of said charge, and, during said raising ofthe plunger, applying a fluid under pressure to the upper surface of thecharge in the mold to oppose said lifting force on the glass at the axisof the charge and to accelerate downward movement of glass oi the chargein the space between said plunger and the side wall of the cavity ofsaid inverted parison mold.

3. The method of forming a hollow pn which comprises delivering a chargeof molten glass axially downward into an open ended ver-- tical moldingcavity having a height substantially greater than the length of saidcharge, checking. downward movement of said charge in said cavity sothat the upper and lower ends of the charge will be temporarily locatedat levels respectively below and above those of the corresponding endsof said cavity, and substantially simultaneously applying a motive forcedirected upwardly from below against the vertical central portion onlyof the charge and a yieldalole motive force directed downwardly fromabove against the entire upper surface of said charge to form saidcharge into a parison having an overall length substantiallyco-extensive with that oi said molding cavity and having an internalcavity open at the lower end of the parison and extending vertically insaid parison from its lower end for a substantial part of the overalllength thereof.

4. Th method of forming a hollow parison which comprises dropping acharge of molten glass into the cavity of an inverted parison moldhaving a neck finish forming part at its lower end, checking descent ofthe charge in said cavity before the lower end of the chargehasdescended into said neclr finish forming part of said invertedparison mold, thrusting a pressing plunger from below axially upward inthe cavity of said inverted parison mold against and into the verticalcentral portion of the charge for a substantial part of the completeheight of said charge, and applying air under pressure to the entireupper surface of said charge during the upward thrust of said pressingplunger to oppose upward dis placement of glass of the charge by theupward thrust of the plunger and to aid downward movemerit of glass ofthe charge surrounding said plunger into the necl; finish forming partof said inverted pariscn mold.

5. The method of forming a hollow parison which comprises dropping acharge of molten lass into the cavity oi an inverted parison mold l2into said neck finish forming part of said invcrwd parison mold,thrusting a pressing plunger from below axially upward in the cavity ofsaid inhaving a neck finish forming part at its lower end, checkingdescent of the charge in said cavity before the lower end of the chargehas descended into said neck finish forming part of said invertedparison mold, thrusting a pressing plunger from below axially upward inthe cavity or said inverted parison mold against and into the verticalcentral portion of the charge for at least half the height of the cavityof said inverted pax'ison mold, and applying air under pressure to theentire up= per surface of said charge during the upward thrust of saidpressing plunger to oppose upward displacement of glass or" the chargeby the upward thrust of the plunger and to aid downward movement ofglass of the charge surrounding said plunger into the neclr finishforming part of said inverted parison mold.

6. The method of forming a hollow parison which comprises dropping acharge of molten glass into the cavity of an, inverted parison moldhaving a neck finish forming part at its lower end, checking descent. ofthe charge in said cavity before the lower end of the charge hasdescended verted parison mold against and into the vertical centralportion of the'charge fora substantial part of the-complete height ofsaid charge, applying air under pressure to the entire upper surface ofsaid charge during the upward thrust of said pressing plunger to'opposeupward displacement of glass of the charge by the upward thrust of theplunger and to aid downward movement of glass of the charge surroundingsaid plunger into-the neck finish formin part of said inverted parisonmold, withdrawing said plunger downwardl out of contact with the glassin the cavity of said inverted perlson mold, applying a parlson bottombade to the upper end of said cavity, and applying air under pressurefrom below into the space within the glass left by the withdrawal ofsaid plunger to produce a counterblown parison Within said invertedparison mold.

7. The method of forming an article of hollow glassware having a neckfinish portion at the open end thereofwhichcomprlses dropping a chargeof molten glass into a vertical molding cavity having a neck finishforming portion at its lower end and having an overall heightsubstantially greater than the length of the charge, checking downwardmovement of the charge in said cavity before any glass of said chargehas descended into the neck finish forming portion of the molding cavitybut after the upper end of the charge has reached a level substantiallybelow that of the upper end of said molding cavity, then forming saidcharge into a parison having an overall length substantially equal tothe height of the molding cavity by thrusting a pressing plungerupwardly from below in contact with glass or" the vertical centralportion only of the charge to displace glass of the charge upwardly tothe upper end of said molding cavity and simultaneously subjecting theentire upper surface of the charge to pneumatic pressureto oppose upwarddisplacement oi glass by the plunger and to aid movement of glass of thecharge downwardly in the space surrounding the plunger into said necl:finish forming portion of the molding cavity, withdrawing said plungerdownwardly out of contact with the hollow parison in said moldingcavity, applying a parison bottom bailie to the upper end of saidmolding cavity, counterblowmg the hollow parison in said molding cavity,transterring the counterblown parison to a final blow mold, and blowingsaid counterblown parison to final form in said final blow mold.

8. In glassware forming apparatus, the coinbination with a parisonforming unit comprising an inverted parison body mold and an invertednecis mold and thimble or plunger guide ring assembly at the lower endof the body mold, oi a pressing plunger, means for supportin the pressing plunger in vertical position and for reciprocating it in a verticalpath extending from a lower level through said neck mold and thimbie orplunger guide ring assembly into said body mold in substantially axialalignment therewith, for guiding the plunger in its verticalreciprocations, said last named means including an opentoppedsubstantially cylindrical casing surrounding said plunger in concentricrelation therewith and in contact at its upper end with said neck moldand thimble or plunger ring assembly, means for supplying air underpressure to the interior of said cylindrical casing and thence to theinterior of said neck: mold and thimble or plunger guide ring assemblywhen the plunger is at the lower end of its path of vertical movements,and means for sealing the place of contact of the upper end of saidcylindrical casing with said neck mold and thimble 0r plunger guide ringassembly to prevent leakage of any of said air under pressure to theoutside of said casing at said place of contact.

9. In glassware forming apparatus, the combination with a parisonforming unit comprising an inverted parison body mold and an invertedneck mold and thimble or plunger guide ring assembly at the lower end ofthe body mold, of a pressing plunger, means for supporting the pressingplunger in vertical position and for reciprocating it in a vertical pathextending from a lower level through said neck mold and thimble orplunger guide ring assembly into said body mold in substantially axialalignment therewith. means for guiding the plunger in its verticalreciprocations, said last named means including an opentoppedsubstantially cylindrical casing surrounding said plunger in concentricrelation therewith and in contact at its upper end with said neck moldand thimble or plunger ring assembly, means for supplying air underpressure to the interior of said cylindrical casing and thence to theinterior of said neck mold and thimble or plunger guide ring assemblywhen the plunger is at the lower end of its path of vertical movements,and a vertically movable sealing ring mounted within said cylindricalcasing and maintained by said air under pressure in air-tight contact atits upper end, with an inner peripheral wall of said neck mold andthimble or plunger guide ring assembly to prevent leakage of any of saidair to the exterior of the casing at the place of contact of the latterwith said neck mold and thimble or plunger guide ring assembly.

WALTER K. BER'II'IOID.

